Unit 33 Assignment 1

Stop Motion animation 

Stop Motion Animation uses different principles which are called Time, Gravity, Overlapping & Followthrough, Arcs & Poses, Anticipation and Secondary Action. But however you can take the option of not following ALL the principles in your work and this depends on the style and genre of the animation you have decided to create. 

The TIME aspect means the number of frames per second. For example the fewer frames used would mean that the movement of the motion picture would look unprofessional, making the clay, live action or objects move like they're 'shuffling' and seem 'jumpy'. However the more frames used make the characters feel more realistic and trick the eye into thinking that they're actually moving. The trick is to use 24 frames (pictures) per second to ensure that the film has a high standard quality, the human eye retains an image for 1/20th of a second, giving the illusion that a still image is animated.

ARCS AND POSES adds reality to the animation. For example, the audience needs to be able to relate to the models in a way that they need to have human qualities about them, otherwise it won't work. The models should have hand gestures whilst speaking to express what they're saying, this could also be referred to as Secondary Action as this is when a character emphasising movements to make them seem more realistic and dramatic. The model should move their bodies in the way that humans do and should react to diegetic sound like 'cars beeping' whilst the character is crossing the road, they should acknowledge and respond to sound. Sometimes however this  principle may not be followed due to the creators intentions of the animation.  

OVERLAPPING AND FOLLOWTHROUGH  this also adds human qualities and realistic values towards an animated character. As we know, in real life people don't do everything at the same speed. For example of following this principle would be if your character is going to get onto the bus they'd be walking whilst swinging their arms, possiblily speaking whilst buying a ticket and handing money over to the bus driver, but this is not all done at the same speed, they might pause and move more human like and realistically.

GRAVITY is an interesting principle in a stop motion film. Some stop motion animations ignore this principle to add humour. But in other cases when something falls the object will hit the floor, when a character is pushed over they'll hit the floor, following this rule is an important part of stop motion animation. 

The Phenakistoscope developed in 1832

Zoetrope developed in 1833

The Praxinoscope developed in 1877

Willis H. O'Brien developed in 1886

Kinetoscope developed in 1889

Ray Harryhausen developed his first stop motion in 1938

Jan Svankmajor developed in 1950

FANTASY ACTION AND ADVENTURE FILM

The 7th Voyage of Sinbad 1958

Target Audience - Fantasy, Action, Adventure fans

Claymation and Live Action

Created by Nathan Juran

ADULTS

Lee Hardcastle developed in 1985

CHILDRENS ANIMATION 

Pingu 1986 

Claymation 

Created by Otmar Gutmann

CHILDREN

Modern Technology in Stop Motion developed in 1989

HAND SEWN STOP MOTION CLIP 2000

Doo Bee's Striptease (stop motion animation)

Animated, directed and produced by Nuni Weisz & Doron Assayas

Target Audience: Teens & Adults 

Doo Bee's Striptease Analysis 

    

Her Morning Elegance / Oren Lavie

Real Life animation 

Target Audience: Adults and Teens

Her Morning Elegance / Oren Lavie analysis 

STOP MOTION MUSIC VIDEO

Taylor Swift 2012 We Are Never Getting Back Together lyric video

Target Audience: Teens

Real Objects

Big Machine Records

We Are Never Getting Back Together  2012 Analysis 

2D STOP MOTION 

UNITED AIRLINES: Paper Heart 2013

 Created by Duck Studios / Santa Monica

TEENS AND ADULTS

LEGO City Undercover: The Chase Begins Stop-Motion Feature 2013 

Created by MICHAEL HICK 

Target Audience: Children and Teens

1. The 7th Voyage of Sinbad Analysis 

Nathan Juran's claymation/live action stop motion film is the genre Fantasy, Action and Adventure, which means we would expect to see mythical creatures, weapons and fights and battles, exciting and unusual experiences. The quality of the cinematography in this stop motion is quite old and out dated. CGI wasn't invented in the 50's so to create this kind of character for a motion picture, would have to be done by claymation stop motion.

The way this character moves at 21 seconds we can tell that the time principle is being used, you can notice that the movement of the character is moving like 'shuffling' along, this could be due to the fact that the creators didn't take enough frames per second to create a more swift improved movements whilst walking. This effects the audience by making them feel less intimated by the monster, it seems quite funny and comical whilst I was watching the movement of the model and couldn't take it very seriously.  

At 30 seconds we can see that the OVERLAPPING AND FOLLOWTHROUGH  principle has been added to make the monster seem more realistic, when an arrow is thrown at the monster and hits him we can see him pull out the arrow and scream angrily and then pull the object out of his body and look at the arrow and then back at the real life human actors in anger. The character is doing his different movements at different speeds by pausing and staring at the arrow and then vastly becoming raged with anger. This is also using the Arcs and poses principle because the characters emontions are the same as a humans would be if he were to be hit with an arrow, by looking at the weapon the humans have used to defeat the monster he stares with anger and then retaliates to there actions like a person would do. This effects the audience by showing that the model feels the way we would about the situtuion he is faced with.

At 11 seconds in we see the model moving it's model to chase the humans, the humans react to non diegetic sound they hear from the model, this is using the arcs and poses principle. The monster figure roars so the real live action humans show that they're scared by this character. They are responding to sound and acknowledging that the monster model character is showing the audience that he is dangerous. 

2. Pingu 1986 Analysis 

The TIME principle is used at 48 seconds into the animation we can see that the character Pingu walks like he is 'waddling' walking with short steps in a clumsy swaying motion, I think that Otmar Gutmann purposely created fewer frames to make the movement of the character like this. It gives Pingu more character in this stop motion's case, for example it effects the audience by showing that he is a baby/child so he can not walk correctly just yet which melts the audiences hearts also the fact that he's a penguin and these animals don't walk like humans in reality. 

Also ARCS AND POSES principle is used at 4.31 into the video, we see the baby Pingu crying adding human quality to this character, the mother is comforting her son by rubbing his head and hugging him. This adds reality to the animation, effecting the audience by making them to relate to the models, when they we're upset as a child they're partners would comfort them. It is also using Secondary Action because Pingu is emphasising his hurt head to make the pain he is feeling more dramatic. He is reacting to something that happened to him, which was intended by the creator.  

OVERLAPPING AND FOLLOWTHROUGH principle is seen at 24 seconds into the video, the father character is doing multiple tasks at the same time, he is eating whilst also talking and becoming annoyed at Pingu. He is pausing whilst holding his knife and fork to speak to Pingu, he then proceeds to eat his food, this is a human quality and what most people do in situations of eating dinner with family. He is following through with his anger by banging his cutlery on the table, this also mades a more realistic value to the animation. This effects the audience as it could also be a message to children to behave at dinner time that the creator but there intentionally to teach young children a lesson. And it obviously works as this stop motion tv series was very popular in the 1980's.

We can see at 3.21 the GRAVITY principle being used, the ball is being thrown into the air and it lands back down on the ground ready to be kicked again whilst the models play a game of catch. It's an important rule of stop motion animation and is followed to add realism for the viewers because this is aimed at children. This effects the audience by making them believe that models of penguins play with toys like us humans do and helps us to relate to them to enjoy the programme and keep it innocent and sweet for children to be able to watch.

3. UNITED AIRLINES: Paper Heart

2 seconds into the video we notice the TIME principle being used and I can tell that there is a large number of frames per second being used to create a 'swift' movement between the two models. The models are made from 2D pieces of paper and they're moving in a very realistic human way, when the male character hugs the female you can notice her foot kicks upwards to add romance to the shot and makes the audience believe that they're really alive and moving with emotions and aspects of the secondary action principle can be seen by the way she kicks her hug up whilst being close to her loved one, its showing us that she is emphasising her movements and it's a very dramatic hug.

At 9 and 18 seconds into the video we can see the ARCS AND POSES principle being used, the female is kissing her boyfriend and also shaking hands with a business colleague to add more reality to the animation. For example, the audience is relating to the models because when we say goodbye to our partners we would kiss them goodbye at the airport and in a working environment we would act professional and shake hands during big events. Its also showing that the models are using hand gestures to express what the narrative of the story is. Plus the way that the female model moves her body is very realistic. Although there is a surreal element to the story, she takes out her heart and hands it  to her boyfriend, this isn't something that the audience can relate to and makes the model seem more dramatic but this could have a deeper meaning that some viewers may find interesting and maybe to relate towards.

At 43 seconds in we notice the OVERLAPPING AND FOLLOWTHROUGH principle we can see the model showing that she is shocked because of a bird flying through her heart, and staring off into the distance As we know, in real life people don't do everything at the same speed. For example of following this principle would be if your character is going to get onto the bus they'd be walking whilst swinging their arms, possibility speaking whilst buying a ticket and handing money over to the bus driver, but this is not all done at the same speed, they might pause and move more human like and realistically.

At 50 seconds into this video we can see that the GRAVITY principle is being used to show the model in an aeroplane flying to a different place, this is following the rules of gravity because we can see that she has to use the same principles of getting to other places in the world that we do. This is using realism and helps us to relate to this character, even though there are some elements of surrealism when she takes her heart out and gives it to her loved one. The creator could make it even more surreal and give the character the ability to fly or transport herself, but this is also an advert for a flight agency and it helps promote the airline by showing this stop motion model sat on a plane. This makes the audience want to fly with this airline maybe because of their different way of advertising their brand.

Old VS the new

Stop Motion has changed throughout the years and defiantly for the better. There has been a lot of improvement in technology such as high definition cameras and advanced software systems to give us better quality stop motion animations. For example if I take a look at the 'The 7th Voyage of Sinbad' in 1958 I can straight away spot the differences from a more modern animation such as 'United Airlines Paper Hearts'. There have been far fewer frames per second in 'The 7th Voyage of Sinbad' which is a huge disadvantage because it makes the model's movements not as 'smooth and swift' as the models movements in 2013. Also in the older animation the background drop isn't detailed and clear, which adds a grainy visual to the animation. However the background in the more modern animation is extremely much more detailed and has been thought a lot about with it's design and cinematography and has been given a large amount of attention by the creator. By having things going on in the background gives the audience a more enjoyable experience it's visually more entertaining because in real life if something is happening, they're is always something else happening in the background, other peoples stories and lives are happening in reality. There should be extras and more realistic things going on to add more of a believable story rather than nothing happening apart from background drop of a beach like we see in  the 1958 animation.

 Genre, Style and Audience

Claymation has different styles of animation, Claymation is more suitable for children because of its simplicity and it's history of famous TV shows such as Fifi and the Flowertots, Postman Pat, Pingu and films for example Fantastic Mr Fox. Wallace and Gormit. It was a very popular way to make entertaining media for children, the bright colours attract their eyes and the soft shape of the models are innocent for children to watch. Although they're are different genres of Claymation, for example King Kong is targeted for adults, it was much easier to create a monster like King Kong using Claymation before we had CGI and other high advanced technologies that we have today. Also a YouTuber who gained worldwide success is a man called Lee Hardcastle who is known creating remakes of scenes from films in his bedroom using low budget materials to create his amazingly talented Claymation animations  for example a good clay to die hard is an action animation parody from the film 'Die Hard', he uses surreal models such as cats to create a humorous and enjoyable action packed animation suitable for a older audience.   



Live action is also a different type of style, this type of style attracts a wide range of audiences and be relatable and  create an audience in all different age ranges and genders, which is simply based on the narrative on the animation. The her morning elegance animation relates to teens and adults, because it's more romantic and surreal narrative which children wouldn't understand but an older audience would be able to enjoy the stop motion. It's fascinating and takes a large amount of time and patience to be able to use humans to participate in starring in a stop motion rather than models because real people would get tired and bored of being used a 'model' so I think it takes a lot of talent to pull it off.

(Year 2 Prep Work) Activity 3: The development of stop motion animation

ACTIVITY 3: The development of stop motion animation

Claymation(clay):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GnkB21NEI4g
producer- Dylan Standard
Year- 2013

Claymation for a child:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkZGDTIijHs
producer- superdaddytv.com
year- 2011

Claymation from the 1980's

(1)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nd1WuVhOVjI
(2)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSGFZbQTX28
(3)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2gAJa3163Y
producer- (1)Scott star, (2)Frog and Toad?, (3)KFC
year- 1980's?(x3)

Claymation of real people:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPuNn80MEuU

Producer-The Geek Squad
year-2012

Research into stop motion animation:

http://www.stopmotioncentral.com/articles-5.html

Stop motion animation is one of the earliest forms of animation and production. Stop motion animation can be presented in a variety of different ways. Some can be presented using clay, and more recent stop motion animation is shown as real world, real people. This is where people use stop motion to show lifestyle situations such as going to the shops, or in my example, getting up late for school.




http://www.dragonframe.com/intro_to_stop_motion.php :

WHAT IS STOP MOTION ANIMATION?

Stop motion animation (also called stop frame animation) is animation that is captured one frame at time, with physical objects that are moved between frames. When you play back the sequence of images rapidly, it creates the illusion of movement. If you understand how 2D drawn animation (early Disney) works, stop motion is similar, except using physical objects instead of drawings."

Stop motion could have started as far back as the 1650's, this is due to imagery. However the first real signs or so i believe of stop motion were through flip books, which were first discovered and created in the 1860's, 1868 to be precise.

To create stop motion somebody will have had to create a drawing, model or come up with a storyline. Following doing this you would need a camera to capture every slight movement, you would have to move your image or object ever so slightly and take a picture. Once doing this all the images would be played as one to create a moving imagery production. Back in the 1860's, to create a stop motion animation a book was used, and on each page of the book a image would be drawn, on each page it would be changing every so slightly, to create the movement you would have to flick through the book, which would make the characters of objects move, for example a character walking across the page.
Here is an example of a flip book stop motion animation:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpvOwO6tyaM

(Year 2 Prep Work) Activity 2: JOB ROLES

Activity 2: JOB ROLES 

UNDERSTANDING THE TV AND FILM INDUSTRY

Director

A directors job is obviously to direct the film, but this means that they have control of the overall visual of the film, from what actors are used, to what location is used. Directors also have control over the production design and visualise the script.

• What are they responsible for?

-Directing the film

-Visualising the script

-Hiring cast members

-Production design

-Guiding the technical crew

• What skills and qualifications do you need to have? 

l though it is not required, the majority of successful directors have completed bachelors degrees in film production

.

• Who are they the boss of?

Directors are in charge of guiding the crew team, they are also in charge of the actors in which they have decided to hire to be a part of their production.

• How much does it pay?

Directors tend to gain 10 percent of the films gross earning. Famous directors such as Nolan and Speilburg earn from 1 million up to 10 million,.

• What are your working times like? Do you work on contracts, for weeks, days or months?

Directors working times are variable based on the type of production they are directing, but also how ever long the production takes to complete.

Editor

• What does the job include?

An editor gains all of the footage collected by the camera crew. They then have to prepare the product, this means that they have to build up the story in a sense, putting clips where they need to be or wherever it bests suits the clip. Editors can also delete or get rid of clips if this is required to make the product moe successful. 

• What are they responsible for?

Editors are responsible for putting the product together, they are responsible for collecting all the footage and putting it all together within a software to create a successful end product. They are also responsible to the sound. 

• What skills and qualifications do you need to have? 

Editors are expected to have gone into study such as college and university and studied the specific topic, therefore meaning they will be expected to know the ins and outs of the software that they use, and know how to successfully create a finished product. They will be expected to have a form of degree in editing software or media.

• Who are they the boss of?

Editorial assistants.

• How much does it pay?

The pay varies based on the production however it can vary between £18,000 to £25,000, this is at beginners level. If it was to be at a experienced level it would vary between £37,000 to £70,000.

• What are your working times like? Do you work on contracts, for weeks, days or months?

Work hours vary based on the production and the size of the production, however it tends to be shift work based on office hours. However editors are genuinely required once the filming process is complete. Hours also vary on when editing studios have been booked. 

Sound technician

• What does the job include?

Sound technicians jobs include being able to assemble and operate the required equipment to record any dialogue or sounds required for a production.

• What are they responsible for?

Assembling and operating sound equipment  as well as ensuring sound is recording at the required times and dialogue is picked up.

• What skills and qualifications do you need to have? 

You need to have certificates such as diplomas and degrees within the specific area, meaning you need to be aware of the equipment and how to operate it as well as how to assemble it.

• Who are they the boss of?

They are in control of the sound and making sure that the sound is to the best of it's ability 

• How much does it pay?

Depending on the size and length of the product, and also the budget of the film, sound technicians can receive from £30,000-£35,000, however this also varies based on working hours. 

• What are your working times like? Do you work on contracts, for weeks, days or months?

Working hours vary on the production, sound recorders are required throughout the filming process as they are required to collect all sound necessary for the product.

Stop Motion Unit 33 notes (merit assignment 1)

Watch the above STOP MOTION?

What genre is the animation and what generic conventions (things you expect to see) can you pull out?  Lee Hardcastles claymation is the genre Action/Crime iof this animation, you expect to see props of guns, make up of blood and and SFX explosions. The style of this stop motion is Claymation. A generic convention of this genre is an evil boss who is the bad character and a hero with a group of good people who fight against each other. 

What do you notice about the movement of the figures body? The movements of the model we're unatural, they we're shuffling because the models had no legs. This has broken the principles of animation - ARCS. This creates the characters which are cats to seem funny, it also makes them look like they're marching. The models are shot and fly backwards so the creater has used the principle of gravity when the cat fell out of the building, this is used to keep it realistic and has to follow some realism, also it is a paraody of the film and they need to keep along the lines of the orignal film. 

What do you notice about the movement of the figures face and facial expression? Scene where the cats are sweating, which shows they're emontion and fear which has an effect on the audience, so we begin to realise that there is danger. The sweat falls which is following the principle of gravity. 

What comments can you make about the use of sound? They have used sound effects for the movements of the characters, also the sound effects for the gun shots and explosions. The characters don't speak in this clip and are completely silent, the sound they have used however adds an intense dramatic feel when the viewer is watching this clip. The non diegetic soundtrack. SFX - Stabbing, Dialogue - Scream, SFX - Explosion 


What different styles of stop motion have we seen?
-Claymation
-Live Action
-2D
What two principles of animation have we learnt about?
-The principle of gravity
-Arc
When it was hard to identify a genre, what word did we use?
-Realism
-Surrealism
What is the final deadline for assignment 1?
-19th of September
How long does your section of your stop motion have to be? 
-30 seconds 

The old and the new

What differences can you see in the two animations?

The quality of the cinematography has improved from King Kong vs T-Rex to Seafood Creature Comfort. At 4 seconds into the King Kong clip we see a real life woman actor but throughout the Creature Comforts we never see a human person. 

What similarities are there in the two animations?

The smilarties in the two videos is that throughout the videos there are animal creatures that are acting unrealistically, at 15 seconds in we see two ducks speaking to each other which is surreal and at 54 seconds in we see King Kong and T Rex fighting each other, this also wouldn't happen in reality. Both of these animations we're shot from the same point of view, it limits the engagement of the audience. They're trying to make the characters have human quailites and feelings for example at 1.04 King Kong is trying to save the woman who he loves and at 40 seconds in on Creature Comforts, the cat and dog are sat on the coach speaking to each other. Can you tell if over time there has been a development in the skills and techniques of animation?

The movements of the characters have improved drastically, at 3 seconds in we notice that they move more swift than the way the T Rex and King Kong move at 35 seconds in. Also we notice at 1 second in that even the background image is much more advanced and detailed, this shows that other a long period of time we have made technology more equipped so we can focus on perfectioning such small details. The King Kong animation hasn't been synronized when the animal roars the sound stops and starts in different shots. 


Tangled

Tangled - Animation pull out time codes for arcs, overlapping/follow through secondary action, gravity 

At 16 seconds we see Rapunzel walking and sweeping up using arcs. At 1.11 they're not following the rules of gravity because she is floating in the air using her hair has a rope. 33 seconds in we see her using secondary action by following through on her actions. 

Cravendale

At six seconds in we see the biscuit boy using arcs, his legs are running and his arms are swinging so he can get to the lake quickly. 

Principles of animation 

• Time: The time it takes to make the action happen the number of frames you need to move the object.
• The fewer the frames, the faster, the more frames you take the longer
• For acceleration increase the distance between movements, for deceleration decrease the movements gradually
• The right timing is the difference between looking from side to side, to shake your head no
• Gravity 
• Things fall, think of your frame rate and the force of the object you will drop
• Persistence of vision is a theory that a stop of still images in any order can be given the effect of animation if viewed by the human eye at a certain rate.
• The human eye retains an image for 1/20th of a second, giving the illusion that a still image is animated 
• Look at your thaunotrope 
• "Overlapping action" is the tendency for parts of the body to move at different rates (AN ARM WILL MOVE ON DIFFERENT TIMING OF THE HEAD AND SO ON).
• Arcs & poses 
• Movement does not tend to be in straight lines, but follow curves or arcs, to show more natural movement
• Remember the pose is important in communication action, the animation is what happens between the frames 
• Anticipation 
• A jumping figure, must bend its knees first so the audience can anticipate what will happen next, the head must urn to look into the off screen space so we can anticipate someone coming into frame
• Secondary action
• Adding secondary actions to the main action gives a scene more life
• A person walking can simultaneously swing his arms or keep them in his pockets
• The important thing about secondary actions is that they emphasise, rather than take attention away from, the main action. 

(Year 2 Prep Work) ACTIVITY 1 VIDEO TECHNOLOGY AND EDITING TECHNIQUES

ACTIVITY 1:

 RESEARCH TASK BLOG LABEL: VIDEO TECHNOLOGY AND EDITING TECHNIQUES

What is HIGH DEFINITION in TV and Film?

High definition is basically a different standard of digital television broadcasting which offers sharper, more detailed pictures and surround sound, making the overall experience much more enjoyable for the audience. Only viewers that own a "HD Ready" television set, a special HD set top box receiver and reception of a high definition service will experience true HD programming. Also high definition programmes must also be specially shot.

What are the different aspect ratios for TV and film? Which ones are better for TV programmes and films?

Ratios are simple numbers that let you know how the film was shot. For example a 1.78:1 means that for every unit of 1.78 wide you need to go 1 high. So if we are using inches the ratio is 1.78 inches wide and 1 inch tall.A more practical example would be a 50" HDTV which has a ratio of 1.78:1. This would mean that the viewing size is 43.57 inches wide by 24.50 inches high.

I have listed examples of which ratios are better for standard TV, HDTV and the ratios used standard films and bigger budget films. 

The standard for a TV programme is 4x3(1.33:1)  - This is the standard Full Screen square TV size. Notice how much image is lost to cropping.

The standard for HDTV programming is 16x9(1.787:1)  which relays on a resolution of 1920x1080 or 1.78:1. Film can still be cropped to fit on a 16x9 HDTV.

The standard ratio for a lot of movies you see in the movie theatre is 1.85:1. Which is only 

slightly wider than 16x9.

2.39:1 - This ratio is also used in a lot of movies, usually the bigger budget movies as the film stock costs more.

What are the different types of audio and video signals?

Analogue component video signals - This means video signals can be split into two or more component parts. In a typical component video system the signal will be divided into:

·       ‘Y' or ‘luma' which is the brightness portion of the image and travels along one cable

·       ‘Pb' which gives the difference between the luma information and the blue part of the image and has its own cable

·       ‘Pr' is the final component and carries similar information describing the difference between luma and the red part of the image, again in a dedicated cable

A green signal is not required as it can be calculated from the other two colour components.
This common ‘component' system (or colour space) is known as YPbPr.

S-Video (Separate Video) is another common form of component video. S-Video separates the signal into only two parts; luma and chroma (combined colour information).

Digital component video signals - Video specifications such as SDI (Serial Digital Interface) use a colour space very similar to YPbPr. This is known as YCbCr. Again, luma, blue/luma difference and red/luma difference form the coloured image, but in the YCbCr information is expressed digitally.

Analogue composite video signals - In a composite video signal, a signal cable carries all the constituent parts of the video image. YUV is a common composite video signal type.

·       In YUV the ‘Y' stands for luminance.  This monochromatic image contains more than just image information: it also provides a synchronising ‘pulse'

·       The ‘U' value is the difference between blue and luminance

·       ‘V' is the red/luminance difference

In a composite system all of this information is carried in the same cable (the colour information is carried as a sub-carrier signal). YUV is versatile; it contains a fully formed monochrome image for display on black and white televisions.

What are the different types of digital filming and storage?

Digital memory cards are used to store digital film, memory cards are removable, and quite a few different types are available. DSLRs mainly use Compact Flash, but other formats, such as SD cards, are becoming more popular. Compact cameras use a wider range of cards.
Different types of digital filming and storage are Compact Flash (CF), Secure Digital (SD)
Sony Memory Stick (MS), MultiMediaCard (MMC) / SecureMultiMediaCard (SecureMMC).

What was terrestrial TV? Why was it turned off?

Terrestrial TV is a type of television broadcasting using radio signals for transmission and television antennas and tuners for reception. Terrestrial television is the first system of television broadcast and the BBC began broadcasting in 1929, and had a regular schedule of television programmes in 1930. There was virtually no other method of television delivery until the 1950s with the beginnings of cable television. Terrestrial TV became outdated like many other things in life and something better was invented which was cable television.  

What are the different ways we can record TV?

Recording digital TV has become easier these days to record analogue TV onto videocassette ever was. Now there is no need to look up dates and times and input the details all you have to do is just pick the show that you want to record and press the 'record' button. Other than recording TV by pressing the record button you can also buy a vintage video player/recorder and record things by using videocassettes. Plus DVD recorders are an option as they're quite cheap and easy to set up, although they probably won't interact with an electronic programme guide. There are also a number of different hybrid devices, such as Popcorn Hour which combines internet, hard drive and DVD recording.

Find out about three different Editing softwares?  

1. Final Cut Pro - The pro's of final cut are that it has a 64-bit and multicore-CPU support for speedier performance. Friendlier interface. Compound clips. Auditions for alternative clips. Magnetic trackless timeline. Background processing. Good organisation tools—ratings, tagging, auto analysis for faces, scenes, and stabilisation  Powerful new multi cam support. Powerful keying features. Supports Thunderbolt and studio-monitor output.
2. Pinnacle Studio 16 Ultimate - This editing software costs £66.58 and has multitude of video effects and the ability to upload directly to Facebook, Vimeo, Box and YouTube, Pinnacle Studio has long been a favourite in video editing. While it is one of the more expensive options in this list, and it doesn’t have 4K UHD support, Pinnacle serves as a nice middle-ground option for those who aren’t slackers in the video editing department, but who haven’t reached pro status just yet.
3. CyberLink PowerDirector - PowerDirector 12 Ultra provides the most comprehensive tools for high-quality video productions - all with easy-to-use features and fastest 64-bit video editing. The new MultiCam editing support allows you to import up to 4 videos taken by different devices, and sync them by audio tracks so that you can easily pick the best shots. Theme Designer allows you to create 3D animated slideshows with your videos and photos.

Which one is better? (use reviews to prove this)

Final Cut Pro review 

Pinnacle Studio 16 Ultimate Review

I think that Final Cut Pro is the best editing software due to the large amount of people that use this software to edit videos and films, it is the most advanced editing system compared to the other two which I have gotten reviews for. For the price it is also popular because some of these others are around the same price but you can do so much more with Final Cut Pro. Apple are one of the biggest companies in the world and they know how to get people to buy there products, it is stated in the review that they have built a completely new faster, cleaner and more intuitive digital video editing package. 

Which is better HD or standard definition, prove it with research?

HD is better than standard definition, this is because the visual is less pixilated, meaning the visual is clearer and it also makes smaller details blend into the action. Because HD is clearer it also means that key elements of the action that may be small but important are clearer and stand out more as the details are shown in a much better quality. 

You can see by this picture that the Standard Definition is poorer quality than High Definition.

Signature that the work is mine

THE FANTASIST (short film)